The Pilgrims had already wasted two chances before centre-back Hasney Aljofree rounded off a set-piece move to open the scoring in the ninth minute with his first goal of the season.
The home side thoroughly dominated the game but were unable to fully relax until 10 minutes from the end when Ince headed powerfully past Wolves' impressive Dutch goalkeeper Stefan Postma.
To rub salt into Wolves' wounds, Preston, the side who they must catch to secure a play-off spot, won at Coventry to open up an eight-point gap between the two sides with just five matches of the season remaining.
Argyle took the lead from a training-ground corner. Tony Capaldi cut the ball across the penalty area where Aljofree seized on team-mate Lilian Nalis' dummy to drill the ball home.
Argyle were denied a penalty a few minutes later when Mathias Doumbe was fouled by Jody Craddock inside the 18-yard box but the referee ruled it was outside. Captain Paul Wotton's free-kick went wide of the post.
Wolves mustered just one shot on target all game when Ince's rising drive was beaten out by goalkeeper Romain Larrieu after 33 minutes.
Wolves looked in disarray and it was little more than Argyle deserved when they doubled their lead in fortunate circumstances late on.
Capaldi was again the provider, curling in a cross from the left wing which Ince obligingly headed powerfully into his own net.
Only if Millwall now win all their matches and the Pilgrims lose all theirs with a combined change in goal difference of 19 can Argyle be denied a third successive season in the second flight of English football.